The Australian Cattle Dog originated in Australia in the 19th century. As Anglo-Australians migrated to the western inland, ranchers sought a cattle-herding breed that could stand up to the harsh conditions. The breed that they brought with them, Smithfields, could not stand up to the heat, terrain, or long distances they needed to be able to travel. Breeders eventually bred Smithfields with wild dingos; the addition of Scottish Highland Collies, Dalmatians, and Black and Tan Kelpies was what created the modern Australian Cattle Dog.