The Kelpie originated in Australia and likely descended from black and tan "collies" brought over from Scotland in the 19th century. During this time, Collies as a breed were not established, so the term was used loosely for modern Collie-like herding dogs. Kelpies are also partially descended from Australian dingos, with about 3-4% of Kelpie genes coming from the wild dogs. In the 19th century, many landowners in Australia owned million of acres with hundreds of thousands of sheep roaming freely. They needed a hard-working dog with ample stamina that could withstand the heat and rough terrain of the region. The Kelpie filled this role well and is still used today as a stellar herding dog.